My scientific interests focus on the mechanisms of iron acquisition pro†and eukaryotic cells, including transformed cells. This goal involved different processes in Gramâ€negative bacteria, Gramâ€positive bacteria, and most recently cancer cells. Iron is essential for cellular metabolism in both bacteria and animals, and consequently it is a virulence determinant in regard to bacterial pathogenesis. E. coli and its Gramâ€negative relatives (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Neisseria, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, etc) secrete small molecules called siderophores (Gr; ironâ€bearer) that chelate iron in the environment. They then capture these